Values need to be correlated with a clinical diagnosis. The antibody levels begin to rise after 1 to 3 weeks of strep infection, peaks in 3 to 5 weeks and falls back to insignificant levels in 6 months. This titre has a significance only if it is greatly elevated (> 2. However, as many people are exposed to these bacteria and remain asymptomatic, the mere presence of ASO does not indicate disease.Īcceptable values, where there is no clinical suspicion of rheumatism are as follows: Adults: less than 2. The presence of these antibodies indicates an exposure to these bacteria. Since these antibodies are produced as a delayed antibody reaction to the above- mentioned bacteria, there is no normal value. Its importance in this regard has not diminished.
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Historically it was one of the first bacterial markers used for diagnosis and follow up of rheumatic fever or scarlet fever. ASO is one such antibody.Ī raised or rising levels can indicate past or present infection. In most cases, penicillin is used to treat patients with increased levels of aso titre. The main function of streptolysin O is to cause hemolysis (the breaking open of red blood cells). Anti- streptolysin O (ASO or ASLO) is the antibody made against streptolysin O, an immunogenic, oxygen- labile streptococcalhemolyticexotoxin produced by most strains of group A and many strains of groups C and G Streptococcus bacteria. Dilution of strong acidsĪlways remember to add acid to water when there is requirement for dilution of strong acids otherwise due to heat of mixing the mixture can splash out and cause injury or burns.ĭilutions are commonly perceived as simple processes but if the critical points are overlooked the results of analysis can be misleading and of little significance.Importance Of Serial Dilution In Serology RprĪnti- streptolysin O - Wikipedia. Store the standard under its recommended storage conditions otherwise there is a risk that the standard can lose its potency even before the expiry period. This is necessary to prevent contamination of the remaining standard. Weighing and transfer of standardsĪfter taking the required weight or volume the excess amount should not be returned to the original container.
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Always ensure that the material is within its expiry period before use. The standards should be highest purity grade materials accompanied with a certificate of analysis and also bear traceability to its origin. Standards are available both as liquids composed of required analytes or in solid powder forms. The temperature of the laboratory should be maintained within +/- 2^0C so that there are no significant changes in volume due to temperature fluctuations. Maintain laboratory environmentĪ clean laboratory environment should always be maintained. When using micropipettes use hand gloves for prevention of sample contamination. Pipettes can be used for volume transfers in range of 5ml, 10 ml, etc but for sub ml or μl volume transfers use of micropipettes should be mandatory. Volumetric flasks and pipettes should also conform to Class A approved specifications. It goes without saying that glassware and devices should be clean up to the requirements of the study. This will also help protect the sophisticated instruments from coming in contact with solvent vapours and prolong their useful life. Only one person should be permitted entry at any given time.
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Importance of serial dilution research full#
The zone will permit the chemist to carry out the dilutions with full concentration and freedom from any distractions from other laboratory workers. This zone should have restricted entry and there should be complete restriction of mobile or intercom inside.
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Suggestions on carrying out dilutions Separate zone for dilutionsĪ separate section should be provided in each lab for carrying out dilutions and sample preparation. In view of the importance of dilutions a few suggestions are being forwarded. It should be kept in mind that error introduced at any stage of serial dilutions gets multiplied in subsequent stages. For high level precision levels dilutions use of automated dilutions is strongly recommended.Ī dilution can be a single step or can involve multiple steps depending on the required dilution factor. However, very low level determinations require use of precision devices such as micropipettes. Simple school/ graduate level dilutions can be carried out using graduated measuring cylinders and pipettes. The required accuracy depends on the purpose for which dilution is to be carried out. Dilutions play an important role in laboratories.